Studie om sødestoffers effekt på kroppen


Ramius
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Jeg prøver altid at være åben og objektiv, når jeg læser denne typer artikler. Men jeg bryder mig aldrig rigtig om, når Videnskab.dk prøver at lave sensationsartikler på denne måde. Det er helt sikker en spændende artikel, og debatten om NAS er bestemt værd at følge i fremtiden. Jeg er sådan set helt enig med professoren bag studiet, når han siger:

»Vores forsøg med mennesker er begrænset til kun syv personer, men resultatet er en god indikation på, at sødestoffer kan øge risikoen for, at nogle mennesker bliver overvægtige,« sagde Dr. Shagal ved pressekonferencen.

»Studiet er dog ikke stort nok til, at vi kan gå ud og sige, at anbefalingerne om, hvor meget sødestof, man må få, bør ændres. Men resultaterne bør føre til debat om emnet og yderligere forskning i sødestoffers virkning på menneskers metabolisme. Det er vigtigt for samfundet som helhed, for vi står over for en eskalerende fedmeepidemi,« fortsatte han.

Det er hovedsageligt et muse-studie, og tidligere studier har vist at i forhold til f.eks. aspartame er der åbenbart forskel på vores fysiologiske reaktion. Der er masser af andre studier, der for det første viser at NAS ikke påvirker blodsukkeret, og nogle argumentere endda for, at sødemidler kan have en positiv effekt på blodsikkerniveauer.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900484/

Der er ingen der kan sætte 2 streger under facit på nuværende tidspunkt. I så fald er der stadig et klart overtal af studier ikke viser disse negative effekter, som artikler omtaler.

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http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21613311-sugar-substitutes-may-mess-gut-bacteriacausing-obesity

"But that result runs against the general weight of evidence. Artificial sweeteners are well-studied, and although different papers have come to different conclusions, meta-analyses (which combine lots of studies in a statistically meaningful way) have tended to discount the idea that they make people fat. Indeed, the most recent analysis, published in 2014, found that, when considering only the highest-quality evidence, food and drink sweetened with aspartame and the like were associated with a moderate reduction in weight.

But the epidemiological research is tricky to interpret, says Kristina Rother, a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, in Maryland. Many studies are of people who are trying actively to lose weight, which means that effects from sweeteners may be swamped by the effect of simply eating less. And finding a good control group is impossible, because artificial sweeteners are found in everything from toothpaste to painkillers.

Dr Elinav offers another theory that may reconcile his laboratory results with the epidemiological evidence. When he and Dr Segal conducted a small-scale human version of their mouse trial, dosing seven people with saccharin for a week, they found similar sorts of biochemical changes to the ones they had seen in their mice—but in only four of the participants.

Unlike those of mice—animals which are enthusiastic eaters of each others’ faeces, and which thereby regularly swap gut bacteria—the microbiomes of humans differ from one individual to the next, says Dr Elinav. It is a lot to hang on one small experiment, but if the unpleasant effects of artificial sweeteners affect only some people, that could explain why the large epidemiological studies have failed to find that they consistently make people fat."

Hm. Tja. Hm.

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Alan Aragon postede denne her i respons:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24944060

CONCLUSIONS:

The current meta-analysis provides a rigorous evaluation of the scientific evidence on LCSs and body weight and composition. Findings from observational studies showed no association between LCS intake and body weight or fat mass and a small positive association with BMI; however, data from RCTs, which provide the highest quality of evidence for examining the potentially causal effects of LCS intake, indicate that substituting LCS options for their regular-calorie versions results in a modest weight loss and may be a useful dietary tool to improve compliance with weight loss or weight maintenance plans.

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“So, now artificial sweeteners cause glucose intolerance?”

http://www.kropblog.dk/en/now-artificial-sweeteners-cause-glucose-intolerance/

BUT WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

Well, unless the researchers have manipulated their data wildly, which I doubt, it actually really does look like saccharin induces glucose intolerance to a significant degree, in (some) humans!

But, because there’s a “but”, it really doesn’t make a difference… – Why? Because saccharin is hardly used anymore… Saccharin was the artificial sweetener of the 80’s and consumption these days constitute less than 10% of total artificial sweetener consumption in the western world, maybe even less than 5%.

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