Sqwii

This supplement has been proposed for the following purposes or treating the following conditions. Also given is the current scientific support for use (on a scale of 0-10). Note that a low rating does not necessarily indicate that a supplement does not work, just that research is either unavailable or has not demonstrated a benefit.

* Stress – 7

* PMS symptoms - 7

* Cancer treatment* - 6

* Cholesterol reduction - 6

* Learning/memory – 6

* Fat loss - 5

* Hypertension – 5

* Immune stimulation - 5

* Stroke prevention/treatment – 5

Theanine, pronounced "tea-anene" (as in tea), is an amino acid found only in tea and a single species of mushroom (Xerocomus badius) in its free amino acid form. It was first identified and isolated as a major component of green tea in the late 1940's, and it was later found in other forms of tea as well [1-2]. Theanine constitutes around 50% of the amino acids in tea and makes up 1-2% of the dry weight of tea on average [2-3], although one source indicates that the number is closer to 1.5-3% [1]. This places the content in a normal cup of tea in the 20-60 mg range.

The amino acids, especially theanine, are one of the primary reasons for the taste of tea [2]. The amount of theanine in a cup of tea shows the highest correlation of any constituent with tea quality (as determined by tea tasters) [3]. The taste of theanine is described as "umami" or "brothy," which is separate from the four other basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter) [4]. About 20-25% of the population cannot distinguish this taste [5].

Theanine has been found to be inolved in many of the effects of tea, which is known to have numerous benefits (see the green tea article). The possible benefits of theanine supplementation include neuroprotection, improved mood and reduced anxiety, improved learning ability, reduced blood pressure and cholesterol levels, antioxidant effects, anticarcinogenic effects (especially in combination with other drugs), improved immunity, weight loss, and treatment of PMS symptoms. This article will explore these effects and the scientific evidence for each.

Effects on Mood & Cognition

Theanine may have both mood-enhancing and nootropic properties. In human studies, oral administration of theanine has been reported to dose-dependently increase the production of alpha waves in the occipital and parietal regions of the brain [6-8]. According to one article, this signifies a state of being awake, alert, and relaxed at the same time. This effect occurs within 30-40 minutes of oral administration of 50-200 mg. It should be noted that the study population in this research consisted only of females 18-22 years of age, and this effect has not yet been confirmed in other human populations [8].

The behavioral effects of theanine on rodents have also been the subject of study. Theanine does not change activity level or exploration behavior in normal animals. However, it does improve performance on a number of tests of memory and learning, including the active avoidance test, the passive avoidance test, and the Morris water maze [9]. Using electroencephalography, it has also been determined that theanine antagonizes the effect of caffeine. If about eight times as much theanine than caffeine is given (on a per milligram basis), the effect of caffeine is completely blunted [2, 10]. It has been suggested that theanine is responsible for the relaxing effect of tea despite the caffeine content.

Animal studies have also explored the possible mechanism by which theanine leads to these effects. Theanine reliably causes a significant increase in CNS dopamine (DA) levels, especially in the striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus [2, 9, 11-12]. The effect theanine has on levels of other neurotransmitters is less well-established. It has been reported to both increase and decrease central serotonin levels [11-12]. One study indicated that it may decrease central norepinephrine [3]. Finally, a study in the early 70's reported that theanine may have an effect on the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [13]. The direct mechanism for these changes is not clear, although it may be related to an effect at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors [14].

Neuroprotection

Theanine has neuroprotective properties in experimental models. It has been found to reduce brain damage caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in mice and inhibit neuronal death caused by ischemia in gerbils, confirming the effects of many studies showing it to prevent neurotoxicity in vitro [11, 15]. Theanine is thought to be one of the reasons for the lower incidence of stroke in tea drinkers [11], and it has been suggested as a possible candidate for the treatment and prevention of stroke [2, 15]. In animals, theanine has also been reported to increase the synthesis rate of nerve growth factor (NGF) [6].

The neuroprotective properties are thought to be primarily due to the fact that it is structurally similar to glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, and in some instances it can cause excitotoxicity [14]. It has been traditionally thought that theanine prevents toxicity by acting as a competitive antagonist to glutamate at ionotropic glutamate receptors, of which there are three types, NMDA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-propionic acid (AMPA), and kainate (KA) [15]. In rat cortical neurons, theanine acted at all three subtypes, but had less binding affinity than glutamate. Also, the binding affinity to NMDA receptors was an order of magnitude lower than to AMPA and KA receptors [14]. It is possible that actions at all of the subtypes could play important roles in the activity of theanine. It is known that AMPA receptor antagonists protect against ischemia caused by MCA occlusion in gerbils and rats and improve spatial memory in rats subjected to repeated ischemia, and the neuroprotective effect of AMPA and NMDA antagonists can be additive [15]. Also, another competitive NMDA antagonist prevented theanine-induced neurotransmitter release. Finally, theanine prevents neuronal death from kainate injection [14].

Because the effective concentration in antagonizing ionotropic glutamate receptors is so low compared to glutamate, a more recent study hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect was related to an effect at metabotropic glutamate receptors instead [11]. This study found that inhibition of glutamate-induced neuronal death by theanine could be inhibited by an antagonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. This indicates that this may be the mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of theanine. Given the current state of research, it is too early to draw any solid conclusions, as the effect of theanine could ultimately prove to be due to an action at any combination of these receptors. An effect on glutamate transporters may also be involved [14].

A final mechanism of neuroprotection is the antioxidant effect of theanine. One study suggested that one of the protective mechanisms was inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E has also been found to inhibit ischemia induced by MCA occlusion [15].

Other Benefits

Preliminary research in animals shows that theanine may have the potential to reduce blood pressure and improve other cardiovascular variables. In rats, theanine can dose-dependently reduce blood pressure [2]. This effect is specific to spontaneously hypertensive rats (rats with naturally high blood pressure), and does not occur in normal rats, in which doses up to 2000 mg/kg have no effect on blood pressure [16]. According to one reference, theanine has been found to reduce cholesterol in both humans and gerbils [17]. In vitro, theanine inhibited copper-induced LDL peroxidation, but the effect was not as strong as that of green tea polyphenols [18].

Theanine has been found to be synergistic with anti-tumor drugs in many studies. Theanine increases the concentration of these drugs in the tumor without altering the concentration in other tissues and also reduces their toxicity to other tissues [6]. Theanine has even been found to inhibit tumor growth by itself in some instances, such as in rats with liver cancer, in which it also reduced cholesterol levels [17]. Drugs with which theanine has been found to be synergistic include doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cisplatin, ironotecan, idarubicin, and pirarubicin [6, 19-21]. It has been tested with success in animals with ovarian cancer and leukemia and in multiple in vitro studies [6, 20]. Theanine may work in this respect by inhibiting the glutamate transporter, which increases the concentration of the drug in the tumor [6]. It has been suggested that drinking green tea may improve the quality of life in cancer patients both by improving the outcomes of therapy and through the positive psychological effects [22].

Another benefit associated with theanine is stimulation of the immune system [23]. Tea drinking has been found to stimulate the immune system in humans, and theanine and related compounds may be the reason. Theanine and its precursor ethylamine can act as antigens, which "prime" T cells and make them more able to respond effectively to challenges to the immune system by pathogens.

The anti-obesity effects of green tea are well known. A recent study identified theanine as one of the ingredients that may contribute to the effect. Rats fed a diet containing theanine for 16 weeks had significantly reduced body weight and intraperitoneal adipose tissue weight as well as reduced serum triglycerides [24].

Theanine also reportedly alleviates some of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) compared to placebo, especially the mental side effects, when used at 200 mg daily [25].

A final use for theanine is to hide the bitter taste of some foods or supplements. Although umami is not a strong taste, it effectively masks bitter tastes, such as the taste of caffeine, ginseng, some antioxidants, and bitter foods [13].

Suggested Use

After oral administration, theanine is absorbed in the intestine and then easily crosses into the brain from the bloodstream through an amino acid transporter [11, 15]. The increase in alpha wave activity in the brain is measurable within 30 minutes and maximized at the 40 minute point [8]. Although the pharmacokinetic profile in humans is not well-known, in rats, it is metabolized in the kidney to L-glutamate and ethylamine and is completely absent 24 hours after administration [1] [26].

No toxic effects of theanine have been reported, and green tea has a long history of safe use [1, 8]. Toxicology studies have failed to find any side effects or toxic effects associated with theanine, even in large amounts. In Japan, it underwent the 28 Day Subacute Toxicity Study, the 78 Week Evaluation of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity, the Acute Toxicity/LD50 Determination, and the Ames Salmonella Mutagenicity tests, and was subsequently approved for unlimited use as a food additive except in infant foods [13]. The LD50 is 5 g/kg [8].

The generally recommended dosage of theanine is 100-200 mg 2-3 times daily or as needed, although some sources recommend even higher doses. It can be used on a regular basis for general stress prevention and good health or saved for periods of high stress. Theanine does not have a strong taste and mixes easily in water.

1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Mar 17;1620(1-3):47-53. Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. Tsuge H, Sano S, Hayakawa T, Kakuda T, Unno T.

2. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(3):251-6. Analysis of derivatized and underivatized theanine enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry. Desai MJ, Armstrong DW.

3. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Sep 26;1013(1-2):183-9. Rapid analysis of amino acids in Japanese green tea by microchip electrophoresis using plastic microchip and fluorescence detection. Kato M, Gyoten Y, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo'oka T.

4. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Feb 25;52(4):692-700. Metabolite profiling using (1)H NMR spectroscopy for quality assessment of green tea, Camellia sinensis (L.). Le Gall G, Colquhoun IJ, Defernez M.

5. Chem Senses. 2002 Feb;27(2):105-15. A new specific ageusia: some humans cannot taste L-glutamate. Lugaz O, Pillias AM, Faurion A.

6. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Dec 5;1653(2):47-59. Theanine and glutamate transporter inhibitors enhance the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y.

7. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Apr;47(4):1593-6. Metabolism of theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, in rats. Unno T, Suzuki Y, Kakuda T, Hayakawa T, Tsuge H.

8. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 1999;10(6-7):199-204. L-theanine – a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Lekh Raj Jujena, Chu D, Okubo T, Nagato Y, and Yokogoshi H.

9. Nutrition. 2000 Sep;16(9):776-7. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines, striatal dopamine release and some kinds of behavior in rats. Yokogoshi H, Terashima T.

10. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000 Feb;64(2):287-93. Inhibiting effects of theanine on caffeine stimulation evaluated by EEG in the rat. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Unno T, Okamura N, Okai O.

11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):116-22. Possible involvement of group I mGluRs in neuroprotective effect of theanine. Nagasawa K, Aoki H, Yasuda E, Nagai K, Shimohama S, Fujimoto S.

12. Neurochem Res. 1998 May;23(5):667-73. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, Terashima T.

13. Alternative & Complementary Therapies. 2001 April;7:91-95. 200 mg of Zen: L-theanine boosts alpha waves, promotes alert relaxation. Mason R.

14. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Dec;66(12):2683-6. Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, Niino H.

15. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jun 3;363(1):58-61. Neuroprotective effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide (theanine) on cerebral infarction in mice. Egashira N, Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Kimura H, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M.

16. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1995 Apr;59(4):615-8. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Yokogoshi H, Kato Y, Sagesaka YM, Takihara-Matsuura T, Kakuda T, Takeuchi N.

17. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Apr;66(4):711-6. Effects of dietary powdered green tea and theanine on tumor growth and endogenous hyperlipidemia in hepatoma-bearing rats. Zhang G, Miura Y, Yagasaki K.

18. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1997 Dec;49(5):329-35. Influence of green tea and its three major components upon low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Yokozawa T, Dong E.

19. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1999 Jul;90(7):775-80. Membrane transport and antitumor activity of pirarubicin, and comparison with those of doxorubicin. Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y, Nagasawa K, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T, Sonobe T.

20. Cancer Lett. 2000 Oct 1;158(2):119-24. Improvement of idarubicin induced antitumor activity and bone marrow suppression by theanine, a component of tea. Sadzuka Y, Sugiyama T, Sonobe T.

21. Cancer Lett. 1998 Nov 13;133(1):19-26. Enhancing effects of green tea components on the antitumor activity of adriamycin against M5076 ovarian sarcoma. Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y.

22. Toxicol Lett. 2000 Apr 3;114(1-3):155-62. Efficacies of tea components on doxorubicin induced antitumor activity and reversal of multidrug resistance. Sadzuka Y, Sugiyama T, Sonobe T.

23. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):6009-14. Epub 2003 Apr 28. Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vgamma 2Vdelta 2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and nonmemory antibacterial cytokine responses. Kamath AB, Wang L, Das H, Li L, Reinhold VN, Bukowski JF.

24. In Vivo. 2004 Jan-Feb;18(1):55-62. Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I.

25. Institute for Traditional Medicine (www.itmonline.org). Amino Acid Supplements IV: Theanine. Subhuti D. Referencing: Proceedings of the Nogei Kagaku Kai, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 2001;75:166. Theanine effects on premenstrual syndrome. Yokogoshi H, et al.

26. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999 Apr;63(4):615-8. Time-dependent changes of amino acids in the serum, liver, brain and urine of rats administered with theanine. Terashima T, Takido J, Yokogoshi H.

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Bottom line

For mig ser det ud som om Thenanin virker utrolig godt og er utrolig sundt for kroppen. Men dog skal man huske, at intet er sundt i for store mængder, men tror dog stadigvæk at dette bliver et tilskud som man vil få stor nytte af i fremtiden.

Især de virkninger det har mod Stress... flere og flere i dag for stress og dette kan hjælpe markant mod stress....

Men I er måske en del mere konservative end jeg er :)

Hej!

Jeg er 18 år og går 3. år på HTX.

Jeg har overvejet utrolig meget hvad jeg vil være og uddanne mig som.

Jeg ved, at det skal være noget indenfor sunhed og ernæring.

Jeg er bare utrolig interesseret i kosttilskud og alt med ernæring... ikke kun i forbindelse med træning osv. men alt med skønhed og sundhed.

Derfor tror jeg, at jeg vil tage en uddannelse i ernæring og sundhed, som tager 3 år som bachelor.

Jeg vil meget gerne forske i forskellige projekter indenfor kosttilskud.

Findes der nogle bedre uddannelser , eller er vejen indenfor ernæring og sundhed også videreudanne mig som forsker en god idé ?

På forhånd tak for hjælpen ! Kom med en masse kommentarer tak :)

Hmmmmmmmm, det lyder nu lidt som end nu en af dine røverhistorier Hvad hedder din butik?

Kort sagt skal der mere end dine lovprisninger og et par rotteforsøg til at overbevise mig!! - og jeg er ikke alene med min skepsis som du ser! Men kom da med evidens hvis du har det.

Ps. Te ER godt men om det virker "imod".....

.... er vidst at skyde over målet

Ja.. :o) Men du ka jo tro hvad du vil :)

Kender 1 af mine venner , som har købt L-Theanin, som mærker en markant god virkning og bliver meget mere rolig og ens koncentration bliver øget meget siger han. Derudover føler han sig også mere frisk :)...

Har også selv lige bestilt produktet :)

Det lyder liiiidt som endnu en salgstale i stil med den du tidligere har lavet http://www.motion-online.dk/fora/index.php...c=38034&hl=

Correct me if i'm wrong

You are WRONG ;o)

Jeg føler bare du tænker at jeg er en som sidder og laver reklame for produktet, men føler at jeg vil prøve at oplyse en masse danskere om et middel, som har en utrolig gavnlig effekt...

Prøv SELV, at søge om dette middel på nettet og find alle de positive resultater...... :)

Det er sandt, men forskningen viser, at det er Theanin i både grøn te og sort te, som har den virkning på kroppen...

Kan godt være, at de fleste er taget på rotter, men det med stress og afslapning ER forsket på mennesker hvor det gav effekt :)

Jeg tror kun at denne aminosyre, vil blive en af fremtidens store tilskud ;o)

Skal lige have penge til at købe det.. så har jeg fundet en dansk side som har dette produkt :)

Desuden kan i læse en ny rapport fra Marts 2007 :) helt ny !

http://www.taiyointernational.com/Download...ne.nutracos.pdf

=)

Det bliver vist også kaldt Suntheanine :o)

Hej!

Nogle af jer, som kender en del til Theanin?

Dette skulle være en aminosyre i grøn og sort te, som skal være godt imod:

- Stress

- PMS Symptomer

- Kræft

- Kolesterol (gør det lavere, de dårlige og højere de gode)

- Indlæringsevne og hukommelse

- Fedtforbræning

- Hypertension

- Styrker immunforsvaret markant

Hvis nogle er interesseret I at vide mere om dette produkt, så læs videre :

Theanine may have both mood-enhancing and nootropic properties. In human studies, oral administration of theanine has been reported to dose-dependently increase the production of alpha waves in the occipital and parietal regions of the brain [6-8]. According to one article, this signifies a state of being awake, alert, and relaxed at the same time. This effect occurs within 30-40 minutes of oral administration of 50-200 mg. It should be noted that the study population in this research consisted only of females 18-22 years of age, and this effect has not yet been confirmed in other human populations [8].

The behavioral effects of theanine on rodents have also been the subject of study. Theanine does not change activity level or exploration behavior in normal animals. However, it does improve performance on a number of tests of memory and learning, including the active avoidance test, the passive avoidance test, and the Morris water maze [9]. Using electroencephalography, it has also been determined that theanine antagonizes the effect of caffeine. If about eight times as much theanine than caffeine is given (on a per milligram basis), the effect of caffeine is completely blunted [2, 10]. It has been suggested that theanine is responsible for the relaxing effect of tea despite the caffeine content.

Animal studies have also explored the possible mechanism by which theanine leads to these effects. Theanine reliably causes a significant increase in CNS dopamine (DA) levels, especially in the striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus [2, 9, 11-12]. The effect theanine has on levels of other neurotransmitters is less well-established. It has been reported to both increase and decrease central serotonin levels [11-12]. One study indicated that it may decrease central norepinephrine [3]. Finally, a study in the early 70's reported that theanine may have an effect on the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [13]. The direct mechanism for these changes is not clear, although it may be related to an effect at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors [14].

Neuroprotection

Theanine has neuroprotective properties in experimental models. It has been found to reduce brain damage caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in mice and inhibit neuronal death caused by ischemia in gerbils, confirming the effects of many studies showing it to prevent neurotoxicity in vitro [11, 15]. Theanine is thought to be one of the reasons for the lower incidence of stroke in tea drinkers [11], and it has been suggested as a possible candidate for the treatment and prevention of stroke [2, 15]. In animals, theanine has also been reported to increase the synthesis rate of nerve growth factor (NGF) [6].

The neuroprotective properties are thought to be primarily due to the fact that it is structurally similar to glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, and in some instances it can cause excitotoxicity [14]. It has been traditionally thought that theanine prevents toxicity by acting as a competitive antagonist to glutamate at ionotropic glutamate receptors, of which there are three types, NMDA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-propionic acid (AMPA), and kainate (KA) [15]. In rat cortical neurons, theanine acted at all three subtypes, but had less binding affinity than glutamate. Also, the binding affinity to NMDA receptors was an order of magnitude lower than to AMPA and KA receptors [14]. It is possible that actions at all of the subtypes could play important roles in the activity of theanine. It is known that AMPA receptor antagonists protect against ischemia caused by MCA occlusion in gerbils and rats and improve spatial memory in rats subjected to repeated ischemia, and the neuroprotective effect of AMPA and NMDA antagonists can be additive [15]. Also, another competitive NMDA antagonist prevented theanine-induced neurotransmitter release. Finally, theanine prevents neuronal death from kainate injection [14].

Because the effective concentration in antagonizing ionotropic glutamate receptors is so low compared to glutamate, a more recent study hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect was related to an effect at metabotropic glutamate receptors instead [11]. This study found that inhibition of glutamate-induced neuronal death by theanine could be inhibited by an antagonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. This indicates that this may be the mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of theanine. Given the current state of research, it is too early to draw any solid conclusions, as the effect of theanine could ultimately prove to be due to an action at any combination of these receptors. An effect on glutamate transporters may also be involved [14].

A final mechanism of neuroprotection is the antioxidant effect of theanine. One study suggested that one of the protective mechanisms was inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E has also been found to inhibit ischemia induced by MCA occlusion [15].

Other Benefits

Preliminary research in animals shows that theanine may have the potential to reduce blood pressure and improve other cardiovascular variables. In rats, theanine can dose-dependently reduce blood pressure [2]. This effect is specific to spontaneously hypertensive rats (rats with naturally high blood pressure), and does not occur in normal rats, in which doses up to 2000 mg/kg have no effect on blood pressure [16]. According to one reference, theanine has been found to reduce cholesterol in both humans and gerbils [17]. In vitro, theanine inhibited copper-induced LDL peroxidation, but the effect was not as strong as that of green tea polyphenols [18].

Theanine has been found to be synergistic with anti-tumor drugs in many studies. Theanine increases the concentration of these drugs in the tumor without altering the concentration in other tissues and also reduces their toxicity to other tissues [6]. Theanine has even been found to inhibit tumor growth by itself in some instances, such as in rats with liver cancer, in which it also reduced cholesterol levels [17]. Drugs with which theanine has been found to be synergistic include doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cisplatin, ironotecan, idarubicin, and pirarubicin [6, 19-21]. It has been tested with success in animals with ovarian cancer and leukemia and in multiple in vitro studies [6, 20]. Theanine may work in this respect by inhibiting the glutamate transporter, which increases the concentration of the drug in the tumor [6]. It has been suggested that drinking green tea may improve the quality of life in cancer patients both by improving the outcomes of therapy and through the positive psychological effects [22].

Another benefit associated with theanine is stimulation of the immune system [23]. Tea drinking has been found to stimulate the immune system in humans, and theanine and related compounds may be the reason. Theanine and its precursor ethylamine can act as antigens, which "prime" T cells and make them more able to respond effectively to challenges to the immune system by pathogens.

The anti-obesity effects of green tea are well known. A recent study identified theanine as one of the ingredients that may contribute to the effect. Rats fed a diet containing theanine for 16 weeks had significantly reduced body weight and intraperitoneal adipose tissue weight as well as reduced serum triglycerides [24].

Theanine also reportedly alleviates some of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) compared to placebo, especially the mental side effects, when used at 200 mg daily [25].

A final use for theanine is to hide the bitter taste of some foods or supplements. Although umami is not a strong taste, it effectively masks bitter tastes, such as the taste of caffeine, ginseng, some antioxidants, and bitter foods [13].

Suggested Use

After oral administration, theanine is absorbed in the intestine and then easily crosses into the brain from the bloodstream through an amino acid transporter [11, 15]. The increase in alpha wave activity in the brain is measurable within 30 minutes and maximized at the 40 minute point [8]. Although the pharmacokinetic profile in humans is not well-known, in rats, it is metabolized in the kidney to L-glutamate and ethylamine and is completely absent 24 hours after administration [1] [26].

No toxic effects of theanine have been reported, and green tea has a long history of safe use [1, 8]. Toxicology studies have failed to find any side effects or toxic effects associated with theanine, even in large amounts. In Japan, it underwent the 28 Day Subacute Toxicity Study, the 78 Week Evaluation of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity, the Acute Toxicity/LD50 Determination, and the Ames Salmonella Mutagenicity tests, and was subsequently approved for unlimited use as a food additive except in infant foods [13]. The LD50 is 5 g/kg [8].

The generally recommended dosage of theanine is 100-200 mg 2-3 times daily or as needed, although some sources recommend even higher doses. It can be used on a regular basis for general stress prevention and good health or saved for periods of high stress. Theanine does not have a strong taste and mixes easily in water.

Referencer:

1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Mar 17;1620(1-3):47-53. Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. Tsuge H, Sano S, Hayakawa T, Kakuda T, Unno T.

2. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(3):251-6. Analysis of derivatized and underivatized theanine enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry. Desai MJ, Armstrong DW.

3. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Sep 26;1013(1-2):183-9. Rapid analysis of amino acids in Japanese green tea by microchip electrophoresis using plastic microchip and fluorescence detection. Kato M, Gyoten Y, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo'oka T.

4. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Feb 25;52(4):692-700. Metabolite profiling using (1)H NMR spectroscopy for quality assessment of green tea, Camellia sinensis (L.). Le Gall G, Colquhoun IJ, Defernez M.

5. Chem Senses. 2002 Feb;27(2):105-15. A new specific ageusia: some humans cannot taste L-glutamate. Lugaz O, Pillias AM, Faurion A.

6. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Dec 5;1653(2):47-59. Theanine and glutamate transporter inhibitors enhance the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y.

7. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Apr;47(4):1593-6. Metabolism of theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, in rats. Unno T, Suzuki Y, Kakuda T, Hayakawa T, Tsuge H.

8. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 1999;10(6-7):199-204. L-theanine – a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Lekh Raj Jujena, Chu D, Okubo T, Nagato Y, and Yokogoshi H.

9. Nutrition. 2000 Sep;16(9):776-7. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines, striatal dopamine release and some kinds of behavior in rats. Yokogoshi H, Terashima T.

10. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000 Feb;64(2):287-93. Inhibiting effects of theanine on caffeine stimulation evaluated by EEG in the rat. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Unno T, Okamura N, Okai O.

11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 16;320(1):116-22. Possible involvement of group I mGluRs in neuroprotective effect of theanine. Nagasawa K, Aoki H, Yasuda E, Nagai K, Shimohama S, Fujimoto S.

12. Neurochem Res. 1998 May;23(5):667-73. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, Terashima T.

13. Alternative & Complementary Therapies. 2001 April;7:91-95. 200 mg of Zen: L-theanine boosts alpha waves, promotes alert relaxation. Mason R.

14. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Dec;66(12):2683-6. Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, Niino H.

15. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jun 3;363(1):58-61. Neuroprotective effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide (theanine) on cerebral infarction in mice. Egashira N, Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Kimura H, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M.

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Hvor kan man købe et tilskud af theanin :) ?

Ville jeg meget gerne vide, da det ser MEGET lovende ud :)

Tror du at det er en reklame :) ? jeg prøver bare at spørge jer hva I tror om det og om I tror det virker ?

No offence :)

Effekten af NeOpuntia er bevist ved flere videnskabelige studier udført af det hollandske institut TNO og af producenten Bio Serae i 2001, 2003 og 2004. Ifølge disse studier opfanger NeOpuntia-fibrene ca. 28 % af fedtet i maden! Den seneste undersøgelse viser også, at NeOpuntia meget mere effektivt end skaldyrsbaserede chitosan-præparater.

Den virksomme ingrediens i VitalSlim fik i november sidste år Silver Award som ”mest innovative helseingrediens” ved Health Ingredient Europe-messen i Amsterdam.

2001: Et studie af NeOpuntias fedtbindende egenskab ved passage gennem en mave-tarm model. Studiet viste, at NeOpuntia absorberede 28,3% af den totale mænge fedtsyre, som blev introduceret under det 4 timer lange forsøg.

2003: En dobbelt blindtest viste, at 27,4% mindre fedt optages i kroppen ved indtagelse af NeOpuntia i modsætning til placebo. Der blev ikke observeret nogen bivirkninger under studiet.

2004: Et sammenlignende studie af chitosans (fibre fra skaldyr) og NeOpuntias fedtbindende egenskaber ved passage gennem en mave-tarm model. Studiet viste, at chitosan ikke havde nogen effekt, mens biotilgængeligheden af fedtsyrer ved NeOpuntia mindskedes med 28,3%.

Jeg vil høre alle jer kloge folk herude om I kan forklare hvordan koffein og Grøn te virker på kroppen..?

Desuden har jeg hørt mange fortælle og hørt at der skulle være MANGE studier, som viser at Grøn Te og Koffein faktisk øger ens fedtforbrændning.

Derfor, hvis man har lyst til at tabe sig, skulle et supplement med grøn te og koffein være vejen frem.

Det er da klart, man skal have en varieret og god kost og dyrke motion, men nu spørger jeg bare om det ikke er sandt at man taber sig hurtigere?

I bund og grund handler jo næsten alt om tid..

Hjælp !

På forhånd tak

Hej !

Jeg søgte lidt rundt omkring og fandt ud af et nyt produkt, som skulle hjælpe med en masse ting..

Både kolesteroltal og vægttab.

Selve ingrediensen kommer fra en figenkaktus og hedder "Neopuntia"

Nu vil alle de kloge hoveder jo have kliniske studier, som viser at det VIRKELIG hjælper disse produkter osv, fordi der findes så mange ting, som slet ikke virker!

Det har for nyligt i 2006 lavet en ny undersøgelse hvor de vandt en Award i Holland.

Jeg vil lige give et link til undersøgelsen og høre hvad I tror og synes ?

Er det værd at prøve?

Dog må jeg ikke skrive hvor man kan købe produktet som indeholder dette.. men i kan jo bare PM hvis det er.

I så fald : http://www.neopuntia.com/neopuntia-efficie...hp#Clinical2006

Der kan I læse mere om denne fantastiske ingrediens!

Hej, jeg vil bare høre, hvilke kosttilskud eller noget i den retning i tager, for at få ekstra energi til dagen..

Jeg kan af og til være ret træt.... sover dog heller ikke så meget, men HVIS jeg skulle have et produkt, som giver en god energi til dagen (udover KAFFE!!!) ... er der så nogle, som i kan anbefale...... ?

Lige nu tager jeg MultiVitaminer fra Omnimim og ellers får jeg bare nok med mad og drikke...men kender I nogle produkter, som giver en utrolig god energi?

Mange tak

Det er sandt nok.. har læst at der findes Idræt, Fysioterapeut og Human Ernæring osv...

Men altså har også hørt at Idræt er der enormt enormt meget læsestof i? passer dette ?

Jeg behøver ikke det mest og vildeste avancerede, hvor man skal læse 800 sider på 2 måneder... det kan jeg næppe klare !

Det skal være en del simplere med måske noget praktisk indeni ?

Kom med gode råd tak ! :)

Hej, jeg hedder Christopher og er færdig med mit gymnasie her til sommer.

Derfor vil jeg gerne vide fra alle jer kloge mennesker derude, hvilke uddannelser, som findes.

Det jeg gerne vil være i fremtiden, er sådan set bare at kunne arbejde i et fitness center og evt. selv starte et op. Men jeg vil derfor også gerne have en god uddannelse, som altid kan vende tilbage på, hvis det er.

Jeg går op i:

- Anatomi

- Fysiologi

- Fysisk aktivitet

- Ernæring( Altså den kost vi spiser og hvilken kost, som er sundt for kroppen osv. kosttilskud osv)

Hvis i vil være flinke og skrive nogle uddannelser, som vil passe perfekt eller sådan rimelig godt og prøv at uddyb og skriv hvad de handler om og hvad man læser på de forskellige uddanelser.

PS! Det skal dog siges at jeg IKKE er en læsehest og er meget mere praktisk! Men som sagt, hvis jeg interesserer mig for emnet kan jeg læse en del.

På forhånd tak for hjælpen ! :)

Du lyder ret klog på dette område konsulent :)

Jamen det er kendt for at være verdens bedste protein pulver lavet af ... et firma fra USA.. ved ik om jeg må reklamere, så.. du gætter det nok :)

Men der er vidst 24g per serving og jeg tager ca. 3 scoops om dagen. Dvs. ca 75g om dagen + jeg spiser kød hver dag, rimelig meget. Så jeg skulle ikke have nogle problemer der :)

Ville bare vide om der skete noget hvis jeg tog mere... om man får bumser ? eller mere testosteron eller om det bliver omdannet til fedt????

Hvad sker der, hvis man får for meget protein tilskud?

Jeg indtager ca. 75g tilskud om dagen og vejer 87kg. Jeg træner 3 gange om ugen og har fået at vide jeg skulle tage 2g pr. kg kropsvægt. Dvs. 75g i tilskud og resten spiser jeg i min kost om dagen....

Hvad VILLE der ske, hvis jeg fx. tog 100g ? ville dette være for meget ? eller ?

Giv mig jeres meninger tak :)

Hej, jeg tænkte på, hvad ved I om kaffe ? er det godt eller dårligt ?

Kom både med positive og negative sider om kaffe tak.

Forresten, så drikker jeg kun en kop kaffe om morgenen, bare lige for at være lidt mere frisk :) ellers ikke mere kaffe :).

Hvad med jer?

Okay, tak i skal i have, så tror jeg det bliver en fys uddannelse, ellers bliver det noget hen i retning af klinisk biomekanik osv..

:)

Tak for hjælpen, man kan jo vel altid tage nogle kurser i kost og ernæring.

Kan desuden godt lide at lave noget indenfor sundhed og velvære!

Glemte at skrive det med på listen... andre forslag til uddannelser ? eller hvilken vil passe bedst, indenfor MINE interesser :) tak !

Faktisk ik sikker på nogen af dem er under 3 år eller 3 år. Hvis der er en af dem der er så er det diætist. Men hvorfor dog begrænse sig på 3 år? Det handler trods alt om en vigtig ting i dit liv

Ja det er jo sandt nok, men altså, hvis jeg skulle tage som klinisk biomekanik eller fysioterapeut eller nogle af de andre ting du skrev, ville jeg måske evt. kunne videreuddanne mig til noget i nogle specialiserede områder.

Men hvilken af alle disse områder vil du helst anbefale ? - Er meget sportslig og træner meget osv.. hvilken ville være bedst at tage ?

Fys

Ergo

Idræt på uni

Diætist

Medicin på uni

Hehe tak for de svar, men hvis jeg skal have en uddannelse, som MAX tager 3 år, hvilken skal det så være af dem?

Og jeg skal selvfølgelig nå rundt om alle de dele jeg har skrevet i min interesse-

Bedste testosteron boostere er det man kalder for ZMA(Zink, Magnesium og B6-Vitamin).

Det er ikke et produkt, som gør at du får hurtigt større muskler, men de restituerer bedre og øger produktionen af testosteron, som så giver lidt større muskler, men som sagt ikke noget vildt.

Noget jeg har mærket, ved ZMA som er VIIILDT skønt, det er at man sover så dejligt som en sten, og drømmer de sygeste drømme + at man er fuldt udhvilet næste dag, selvom man kun sover 6 timer :4thumbup:

Jeg vil foreslå dig, at spise noget tun, som madpakke, mange proteiner i, ellers noget ost, eller noget magert kødpålæg.

Dette er gode proteinkilder, hvis det er det du søger... som madpakke.

Ellers er kød, bønner, ærter,fisk osv. også fyldt med gode proteiner.

Fisk er desuden sundt, da det har nogle sunde fedtsyrer.

Hej, jeg ville lige høre alle jer interesserede brugere om motion og kost, om i kender nogle uddannelser, hvor man kan læse nogle af disse interesser jeg har.

Skriver det op, som nogle punkter, fordi jeg er helt lost, hvis man spørger mig hvilken uddannelse jeg skal tage.

Jeg vil gerne vide noget om

-Anatomi

-Fysiologi

-Kost og ernæring(Evt. noget forskning i ens kost)

- Kroppens funktioner(Hvordan musklerne arbejder, og alle dele i kroppen arbejder fx)

-Motion

Da jeg har haft en drøm, om at starte et fitness center en dag, men derfor skal jeg jo stadigvæk have en uddannelse. Så derfor ville jeg gerne vide om I brugere, kender nogle uddannelser, som minder meget om nogle af mine interesser.

Jeg har desuden tænkt lidt på fysioterapeut, men synes der er SÅ mange som er det... findes der ikke nogle andre måske?

Skriv alt hvad I ved, mange mange tak !

:4thumbup: